Compare and contrast the Frankenstein novel and...

Mary Shelley and Samuel Taylor Coleridge are two established writers of the Romantic era. Works by both writers are unique in many ways. The profound influence of Coleridges The Rime of the Ancyent Marinere is reflected in Shellys Frankenstein in terms of narrative structure, themes and literary techniques. This essay will compare and contrast the Frankenstein extract and the poem, The Rime of the Ancyent Marinere in three aspects, namely the narrating voice, the themes and the literary techniques used. In the Frankenstein passage, Victors creation, the creature, is the narrator. Here, a framed narrative is presented by the creature to allow his side of the story to be heard as he attempts to gain self-definition and†¦show more content†¦The creature begins as an innocent and lonely being who longs for love and compassion but realizes that he will never be accepted by the community because of his abomination. He was first abandoned by Victor, leaving him to fend for himself and later rejected again and again by the community with anger, hatred and violence. Shelly uses this theme to reflect the shallowness of society where social prejudice is founded on appearances and stress the idea of societys injustice towards abnormalities. It can be understood that the monstrosity in the creature is a social product. On the other hand, the mariner experiences solitude as part of his punishment for his sin. His experience came about as a result of his impulsive act of killing the albatross. Unlike the creature who has been unjustly subjected to isolation without a choice, the mariner has a choice. He could have chosen not to kill the bird. In a way, his solitude is self induced. With solitude comes sufferings and that leads us to another common theme of sufferings and impact. In the extract, the creature laments that his sufferings came from the ill treatment he received from human beings. His sufferings left a negative impact on his innocent soul as his hatred for his creator and his species grew from this injustice which ultimately led him to murder the lovely and the helpless†¦strangle the innocent†¦grasp to death his throat†¦ (proseShow MoreRelatedFrankenstein Study Guide14107 Words   |  57 PagesTHE GLENCOE LITERATURE LIBRARY Study Guide for Frankenstein by Mary Shelley i To the Teachern The Glencoe Literature Library presents full-length novels and plays bound together with shorter selections of various genres that relate by theme or topic to the main reading. Each work in the Library has a two-part Study Guide that contains a variety of resources for both you and your students. Use the Guide to plan your instruction of the work and enrich your classroom presentations. InRead MoreAmerican Literature11652 Words   |  47 PagesRenaissance Postmodernism Contemporary Puritan Times period of American Literature - 1650-1750 Content: ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · errand into the wilderness be a city upon a hill Christian utopia Genre/Style: ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · sermons, diaries personal narratives captivity narratives jeremiads written in plain style Effect: ï‚ · ï‚ · instructive reinforces authority of the Bible and church Historical Context: ï‚ · ï‚ · a person s fate is determined by God all people are corrupt and must be saved by Christ Rationalism

Essay on The Civil Rights Movement - 1708 Words

The civil rights movement comprised efforts of grassroots activists and national leaders to obtain for African Americans the basic rights guaranteed to American citizens in the Constitution. The key players in succeeding with the civil rights movement were the soldiers returning from the war, Martin Luther King Jr, Malcolm X, The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), and the anti-Vietnam War activists. During the civil rights movement, nearly every African American had experienced segregation at lunch stands. In a Journal by Melvin Small, she stated, â€Å"Just as with the segregated buses in Montgomery, Alabama the African-American community, especially the segment of college students, had once again reached its saturation†¦show more content†¦College students and lower grade black students helped to stand up against the racial cruelty. Although the war was taking place, students across the nation took advantage of it by protesting nonviolent for justice. This was just a small piece of the puzzle for justice in the United States because the black soldiers played an even bigger role in the success of the movement. Soldiers of WWII had a substantial impact on the civil rights movement. In the book, A Breath of Freedom, it stated, â€Å"During World War II the African American population pushed for equality and integration of the United States military, which, at the time, remained in accordance with the culture and customs of the white majority by keeping the two races segregated (Hà ¶hn).† The term, separate but equal, made famous by the United States Supreme Court case Plessy vs. Ferguson remained instantiated as the law to abide by in reference to racial policy (Hà ¶hn). This concept of keeping both races segregated had permeated across the United States and was the prominent view of most white citizens during this period. Segregation was seen from a white point-of-view as a way for both races to live within the society without racial conflict and tension. Separation of blacks and whites stretched across all societal institutions, including the United States Military. During the clo sing years of World War II and increasingly thereafter, African American GIs (Government Issued) complainedShow MoreRelatedThe Rise Of The Civil Rights Movement1179 Words   |  5 Pagessegregations. Out of the numerous elements that arose in the 1960s, there are three movements that truly affected the American society. Firstly, the rise of the civil rights movement was greatly influenced by racial discrimination of colored people in the South. Secondly, the women’s movement aimed to convince the society that women are capable of achieving and maintaining higher waged job like males. Lastly, the gay rights movement aimed to gain acceptance and stop discrimination of homosexuality. The mostRead MoreThe Folk Music Of The Civil Rights Movement1208 Words   |  5 PagesResponse Paper #4 The folk music of the Civil Rights Movement â€Å"came out of tradition, common experience, and generations of resistance† (Dunaway 2010: 140). The songs used throughout the movement derived from the shared experiences and struggles of African Americans while connecting â€Å"the gentle, idealistic world of folk music and the integrationist world of civil rights† (Dunaway 2010: 145). Songs, such as â€Å"We Shall Overcome†, were put through the folk process, where a song is passed on and alterationsRead MoreThe Great Leaders Of The Civil Rights Movement1563 Words   |  7 Pages They seem to be forgotten until they are highlighted once again. Another example of a person that was not really highlighted for their actions is Nina Simone. She made an impact on the Civil Right Movement that not many other artist or celebrity would have done. When you think of the Civil Rights Movement the first three that come to mind of course are, Martin Luther King Jr., Malco m X, and Rosa Parks. So, when someone hears the name Nina Simone the two most common responses might be â€Å"Who’sRead MoreSocial Movements : Black Civil Rights2647 Words   |  11 PagesSocial movements are vital to the establishment of our societies, and they way we are governed. Social movements help the less privileged band together to create a stronger voice among a sea of political correctness and unlawfully rule that the public supposedly have to abide by without question. Movements create this new form of platform that, if done successfully, are able to create a worldwide frenzy where people from across all walks of life, including politicians, academics, the less fortunateRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement911 Words   |  4 PagesThe Civil Rights Movement: Martin Luther King Jr. Martin Luther King Jr. changed history not only for African American’s, but for all who live in the United States. Martin was born on January 15, 1929, in Atlanta, Georgia. As a child Martin attended many public segregated schools throughout Georgia until he graduated at the age of fifteen. Following high school, Martin Luther King Jr. attended many colleges such as, Morehouse College, Crozer Theological Seminary, and Boston University. While studyingRead MoreCauses Of The Civil Rights Movement954 Words   |  4 Pagesquote was very much true. Post civil war times were hard on African Americans. Even though at the time they were considered free, they were often criticized and discriminated against. Finally, shootings, brutality, and unfair treatment were enough. In an effort to end racial segregation and discrimination against African-Americans all over the country, they took a stand. This was known as the Civil Rights Movement. There were many interesting events that cause d this movement. The three main causes thatRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement Essay1601 Words   |  7 PagesThe Civil Rights Movement â€Å"I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.† This was a speech by Martin Luther King Jr. Even one hundred years after slavery was banned, African Americans were still being treated unfairly. Martin Luther King Jr. was one of the most famous leaders of the Civil Rights movement in the 1960’s. The Civil Rights movement was a movement of AfricanRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement Essay1259 Words   |  6 Pages The civil right movement refers to the reform movement in the United States beginning in the 1954 to 1968 led primarily by Blacks for outlawing racial discrimination against African-Americans to prove the civil rights of personal Black citizen. For ten decades after the Emancipation Proclamation, African-Americans in Southern states still live a rigid unequal world of deprive right of citizenship, segregation and various forms of oppression, including race-inspired violence. â€Å"JimRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement Essay1190 Words   |  5 Pages The Civil Rights Movement The 13th amendment, passed on the first of January, 1865 abolished slavery throughout America. Although African Americans were considered free after this amendment was approved, they still had a long and arduous struggle to absolute freedom. Before the Civil Rights Act of 1964, segregation in the United States was frequently used throughout many of the Southern and Border States. Schools, bathrooms, libraries, and even water fountains were segregated. Though there wereRead MoreCivil Rights Movement Essay797 Words   |  4 PagesThe Civil Rights Movement, also known as the American Civil Rights, was a mass movement during the 1950s and 1960s. It was one of the most intricate social movements of mankind. The Civil Rights Movement was a period where African Americans did not have the same equal rights or treatment as the whites. Instead, African Americans were segregated from whites by not going to school together, having to sit in the back of the bus, not being able to move freely, or not having the right to vote. Over the

Australia Break World Economic Growth Record-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Australia Break World Economic Growth Record? Answer Introduction Australia is worlds one of the most developed economies. It is also worlds one of the biggest mixed market economies. Australia ranks second among the most wealthiest nations of the world in terms of wealth per capita, preceded by only Switzerland. In June 2016, total wealth of Australia was AUD 8.9 trillion. The country became 12th among the largest economies of the world as per nominal GDP and 19th as per PPP adjusted GDP in 2016. The GDP of Australia was 1.205 trillion USD or 1.69 trillion AUD in 2016. The GDP per capita was $51,850 in nominal terms in 2016, which is a very high figure. It has faced an inflation rate of 1.9% in June 2017, and the rate of unemployment is 5.6% in August 2017 (Austrade.gov.au 2017). Australia has the record of having uninterrupted economic growth for almost twenty years. No other developed country has this long period of growth. The country has not witnessed any technical recession in the past 26 years. Economic performance of the country has been extremely well in Australia. The global financial crisis of 2007-08 could not affect Australia as much it hit other economies. The major sectors of the economy are services, construction, mining, manufacturing and agriculture. The service sector contributes maximum in the GDP of Australia. 2009-10 saw the mining boom in Australia. Although the growth of the mining sector has declined, still the economy remained stable and resilient and as not faced any recession since 1991. The country ranks 25th in exporting and 20th in importing of goods and services. It also entered in Free Trade Agreement with China, Japan, and Korea, which has helped the country to grow its production immensely in the past decade (industry.gov.au 2015). The following essay focuses on the GDP and economic growth of Australia in the last few years. Economic performances of Australia It has been a great achievement for Australians that a generation of the country has not experienced recession while growing up. There is huge prosperity in the country. Level of unemployment has been low and stable and inflation rate has been low in the past few decades. The country is rich in natural resources. Hence, the mining sector was developed tremendously. The mining sector has generated the maximum employment in the country. However, the non-resource sectors started to develop in the 2000s and the focus has shifted to these sectors. Globalization and economic liberalization have contributed to make the economy open (Battellino 2013). Figure 1: Real GDP of Australia, 2005-2015 (Source: World Bank 2017) GDP refers to the Gross Domestic Product, which is the total value of the goods and services produced within the geographical border of a nation, in a given time period, say, one financial year (Mankiw 2014). GDP is of two types: nominal and real. Nominal GDP refers to the value of the goods and services at current prices. On the other hand, real GDP is the inflation adjusted value of production. It is obtained by discounting the nominal GDP by GDP deflator of that year (Ghysels 2016). This, nominal GDP is always higher than real GDP. Figure 1 depicts the real GDP of Australia from 2005 to 2015. From the data of the World Bank, it can be seen that in the last 10 years, the real GDP of Australia has grown significantly. In 2013, it reached a peak at 15.79 billion USD. The trend line for the GDP is rising. GDP is one of the fundamental elements, which is used to management the economic health of a nation. The level of production of the economy determines how fast it is progressing. There are two ways to measure GDP. One is income approach and the other is expenditure approach. In income approach, the earning of people and firms are added up, and in the expenditure method, the amount of spending of people and firms are added up. The total consumption, government spending, net exports and investment are added up to find out the GDP of a country. Hence, in a healthy economy, the unemployment level is lower, there is higher demand for products, thus labor demand increases, wage increases and economy expand. A considerable change in the GDP is reflected in the stock market movement. In a bad economy, the companies earn less money, and thus, the stock prices are reduced. People get less money and therefore, aggregate demand in the economy falls. Hence, production level falls and economy cont racts. This represents negative growth or recession (Rezai and Stagl 2016). 1991 onwards Australia has faced the longest run of growth. The average growth rate per annum is 3.2% (Skynews.com 2017). It is the only country among the other developed nations which has seen the growth for such a long time. Recession is defined by the concept of two successive quarters having negative economic growth. Australia has never faced two consecutive quarters of negative growth since 1991 and hence, the longest run of economic growth has been achieved by the country. The Global Financial Crisis of 2008 was a major event that shook the international economy during this last 10 years. All the major countries were hit hard but not Australia (Adema, Fron and Ladaique 2014). The impressive performance of Australia in the last two and half decades is majorly credited to a variety of elements, such as, economical reforms, strong population growth due to migration and strategic geographical region. According to a report of RBA, parts of the growth can be attributed to the growth of the population. Along with that, the emergence of China is another reason. In the last five years, the main export market, Japan and many other Asian trading partner countries experienced subdued growth; hence the export sector of Australia captured a new emerging market of China (Battellino 2013). In the past 20 years, the Australian economy demonstrated a greater degree of flexibility. Hence, the resiliency has been increased, which has enabled the economy to handle all the external shocks, for example, the break down of the dot.com bubble, Asian crisis and the global financial crisis following the collapse of US subprime credit bubble etc. (Bagshaw and Massola 2017). One of the major key elements of flexibility is the floating exchange rate of the country. To respond to the various external shocks, the currency has risen and fallen, otherwise the events could have destabilized the domestic economy. During the Asian and Dot-com bubble, the Australian dollar depreciated quite sharply to respond to the deteriorating condition of the international economy. This had helped to insulate the domestic economy (Stiglitz and Guzman 2016). Even during the 2008 financial crisis, the Australian dollar rose sharply along with the commodity prices. It helped in dissipation of pressures, which could otherwise cause the economy to overheat. The temporary sharp fall in the exchange rate helped the economy to remain stable during the financial crisis (Rahman, Shahbaz and Farooq 2015). Other factors include many economic reforms in industrial policies, which made the business sector more open and competitive. Due to labor market reforms, the market had increased flex ibility, which could adjust to the changing economic conditions without resulting large level of unemployment or unsustainable wages. Financial sector reforms have brought more capacity for meeting the financial needs of the country and have made the country more attractive to the foreign investors (Janda and Letts 2017). Hence, investment from domestic as well as foreign investors increased substantially. This has contributed significantly in raising the GDP level of the country. Level of demand in the economy increased as people had more money. Employment level increased, production increased and hence, GDP also increased. The government budget was highly improved too. Level of government debt decreased and Australia became one of the best positioned countries in the government finances. Through stable monetary policies the Australian government kept the inflation level low and made the economy stable. The economy is growing at the rate of 2% to 2.5% per year, which is however lower than the growth rate in the past (Glynn and Rogers 2017). Sector wise growth According to the Australian Industry Report, 2015, by the Australian government, (Dept of Industry, Innovation and Science), all the sectors, barring construction and manufacturing, experienced growth. The mining sector has seen a big change as output grew by 7.6% while employment fell by 15%, as seen in Figure 2. The major growth happened in information and media, accommodation and food services, tourism, financial and insurance and health care and social assistance sector, within the service industry. Even if the international economy is expanding with a very low oil price and low interest rate, the global growth is uneven. Fall in the Australian dollar during 2012-2013 has helped the domestic industries to raise their competitiveness in the international export market during this uneven growth (industry.gov.au, 2015). Figure 2: Growth in the output and employment by industry, 2014-2015 (Source: industry.gov.au 2015) Figure 3: Industry share of GDP (%), from 2004-05 to 2014-15 (Source: industry.gov.au 2015) From the above figure it can be seen that, the pattern of growth among the industries varied considerably. The percentage share of contribution in the GDP by the industries has changed in the last decade. This explains the magnitude and pattern of growth. It can be seen that, business services, social services, mining and construction grew more and contributed more in the GDP than the others, such as, manufacturing, personal services, utilities, agriculture, forestry and fishing (Ivanova 2014). Figure 4: Change in the composition of GDP, 2004-05 to 2014-15 (Source: industry.gov.au 2015) The above figure shows that the past decade also experienced the change in the composition of GDP in Australia. GDP is mainly comprised of household consumption expenditure, government expenditure, business investment and net export or trade (Yellishetty and Mudd 2014). In 2004-05, the main contribution came from the household, while during 2008-09, the household contribution fell sharply. Business investment level has increased significantly in 2011-12, but fell sharply in the immediate next period. The level of net export increased considerably in the year 2014-15. The Free Trade Agreements, economic liberalization and easy trade rules in the international market has contributed in the increase in trade (McCombie and Thirlwall 2016). The government spending was constrained by a tight fiscal environment, and hence, contribution has decreased. Figure 5: Measures of performance of the business, 2013 to 2015 (Source: industry.gov.au 2015) In figure 5, the measures of performance of the major industries have been depicted. The measures are classified as export markets targeted, total number of jobs, productivity and profitability. Thus, indirectly the influential factors for GDP are considered. In has been found that, advanced manufacturing, food and agribusiness and medical technologies are the most productive and profitable industries along with more jobs and export markets, which could contribute significantly in the GDP. Hence, the type of services is changing over time (Balcerowicz and Rzo?ca 2015). Figure 6: Growth in industry value added by services industry, 201314 to 201415 (Source: industry.gov.au 2015) The above figure shows the growth of the value added services within the service industry. The service sector has always been a reliable source of growth, with more than 60% contribution in GDP and more than 80% of employment. The growth of this sector was 2.3% in 2014-15 (Yang, Zhao and Yanagita 2017). It has been found that, Information, Media and Telecommunication, Accommodation and Food Services and Financial and Insurance services are the major sections of growth within the service sector (Cumming and Johan 2016). Conclusion Economic growth is very important for any nation, as it improves the living standard of people and lowers the unemployment level in the economy. In the past two decades, especially in the last 10 years, employment increased significantly. Hence, income per household has increased too. The rise in jobs was more than the rise in population. All the sectors were booming with jobs and opportunities. Over the past 10 years, the rate of unemployment fell to little more than 5% from 9%. Through the growth of the industries, the benefits are spread across the economy. For example, the growth in the gross state product in Western Australia was 4.5% and that in Queensland was 4.8% per year, while the average growth in the other states was in between 2.8% and 3.7%. This gap is explained by movement of population. Over time, more and more jobs were created in almost all the sectors, and Australia was able to achieve an almost even growth among all its states and territories. From the GDP of the nation, it can be seen that the country has been able to gain a stable position in the international economy. With a lower exchange rate, it made its currency cheaper in the international market. Demand for exports increased, which improved the domestic industry. As more jobs are created, people have more money to spend, thus demand for products has increased in both the domestic and international market. This led to a rise in the production of goods and services, resulting in a higher GDP as well as economic growth for the longest period of time. References Adema, W., Fron, P. and Ladaique, M., 2014. How much do OECD countries spend on social protection and how redistributive are their tax/benefit systems?.International Social Security Review,67(1), pp.1-25. Austrade.gov.au, 2017.Australia has experienced the longest period of economic growth in the developed world - Austrade. [online] Austrade.gov.au. Available at: https://www.austrade.gov.au/news/economic-analysis/australia-has-experienced-the-longest-economic-growth-among-major-developed-world [Accessed 20 Sep. 2017]. Bagshaw, E. and Massola, J., 2017.GDP: Australia grabs record for world's longest economic expansion. [online] The Sydney Morning Herald. Available at: https://www.smh.com.au/business/the-economy/gdp-australia-grabs-record-for-longest-time-without-a-recession-20170606-gwm0o2.html [Accessed 20 Sep. 2017]. Balcerowicz, L. and Rzo?ca, A., 2015.Puzzles of Economic Growth. World Bank Group. Battellino, R., 2013.Twenty Years of Economic Growth. [online] rba.gov.au. Available at: https://www.rba.gov.au/publications/bulletin/2010/sep/pdf/bu-0910-13.pdf [Accessed 20 Sep. 2017]. Cumming, D. and Johan, S., 2016. Ventures economic impact in Australia.The Journal of Technology Transfer,41(1), pp.25-59. Ghysels, E., 2016. Macroeconomics and the reality of mixed frequency data.Journal of Econometrics,193(2), pp.294-314. Glynn, J. and Rogers, D., 2017.Weak GDP fuels economy worries. [online] Theaustralian.com.au. Available at: https://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/economics/australia-gdp-grows-03pc-in-march-quarter-adding-to-concerns-about-economy/news-story/635491f846074e8001d867e077ba1e6b [Accessed 20 Sep. 2017]. industry.gov.au, 2015.Australian Industry Report. [online] industry.gov.au. Available at: https://www.industry.gov.au/Office-of-the-Chief-Economist/Publications/Documents/AIR2015.pdf [Accessed 20 Sep. 2017]. Ivanova, G., 2014. The mining industry in Queensland, Australia: Some regional development issues.Resources Policy,39, pp.101-114. Janda, M. and Letts, S., 2017.Australia's economic growth jumps, but is it sustainable?. [online] ABC News. Available at: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-09-06/gdp-economic-growth-abs-data-june-quarter-2017/8877618 [Accessed 20 Sep. 2017]. Mankiw, N.G., 2014.Principles of macroeconomics. Cengage Learning. McCombie, J. and Thirlwall, A.P., 2016.Economic growth and the balance-of-payments constraint. Springer. Rahman, M.M., Shahbaz, M. and Farooq, A., 2015. Financial development, international trade, and economic growth in Australia: new evidence from multivariate framework analysis.Journal of Asia-Pacific Business,16(1), pp.21-43. Rezai, A. and Stagl, S., 2016. Ecological macroeconomics: introduction and review.Ecological Economics,121, pp.181-185. Skynews.com, 2017. Australia breaks world economic growth record. [online] Available at: https://www.skynews.com.au/news/top-stories/2017/06/07/australia-breaks-world-economic-growth-record.html [Accessed 20 Sep. 2017]. Stiglitz, J.E. and Guzman, M. eds., 2016.Contemporary issues in macroeconomics: lessons from the crisis and beyond. Springer. World Bank, 2017. [online] Data.worldbank.org. Available at: https://data.worldbank.org/ [Accessed 20 Sep. 2017]. Yang, D., Zhao, Y. and Yanagita, T., 2017. A Frame Study of Correlation Analysis between Open Macroeconomics System and Container Throughput.Transportation Research Procedia,25, pp.2788-2800. Yellishetty, M. and Mudd, G.M., 2014. Substance flow analysis of steel and long term sustainability of iron ore resources in Australia, Brazil, China and India.Journal of cleaner production,84, pp.400-410.

Management in Coca Cola Company

Introduction Technology has turned the world into a global village. The world has been turned into a single large market that offers limitless opportunities to various multi-nationals. This limitless opportunity comes with limitless uncertainties in equal measure.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Management in Coca Cola Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The global market, large as it is, is as varied as its size. A customer in location A may require a product that is exactly opposite to the requirements of customer at location B. If this particular company operates in both locations, then it must respond to the varying needs in a manner that would leave both the customers satisfied. The current world market has customers who are well informed. They know exactly what to expect from the products they purchase. This has seen many firms give quality a priority. Firms are assuming market orientation to their production. The customers’ needs determine what the firm produces and how it produces it. This brings to focus, the issue of Total Quality Management. Kitazawa and Sarkis (2000) define Total Quality Management as an integrated organizational effort designed to improve quality at every level. This means that quality is not a preserve of any department, but a duty of all the departments in any organization. Coca Cola Company manufactures soft drinks that have many close substitutes in the market. The level of competition in this industry is so stiff that any slight customer dissatisfaction can have devastating effects to the company. This company experienced technological mismatch in its top management operating overseas. The company for a long time preferred to maintain the employees at the top brass. This has seen the company limited to individuals who are less technologically advanced. With the changes brought about by technology, this company had to restructure its ma nagement to reflect on these changes. It is in so doing that it could successfully achieve the specifications of Total Quality Management. Analysis of the Organization’s Concern and its Response Coca Cola Company was concerned with their declining sales volume in some of its overseas markets. Research revealed that the root cause of this was the failure of the management to integrate technology into their system.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The research further reported that the reason for this slow response to technology was caused by the fact that those who were to effect the technological changes had limited knowledge about the same. These individual could not withstand the pressures that was being exerted by these changes and therefore preferred to stick to the old ways of doing things. A case in point was that the aging staffs were not able to apprec iate the potentials of the social media. They regarded it as a forum where ‘lazy’ youths would go to burn their time as they discuss matters irrelevant to development. This view was highly misplaced. The highest percentage of consumers of this brand’s product is the youth. When on the playing ground, at school, at home or even on tour with friends, this group will always require a drink to ‘keep them away from thirst’. With emergence of social networks like Tweeter, Facebook, Flirk, You Tube and others, this attractive segment can easily be accessed online. Facebook has a staggering 500 million users across the world. You Tube has 400 million users. Tweeter and others make up to another 500 million users (Treadaway, 2010). It therefore becomes very disturbing if a management can fail to realize the potential that such networks offer. With the fact that other competitors like Pepsi are actively using this media, the management had all the reasons to w orry. Tom Peters in his Chaos theory argues that global events are chaotic and random and this is directly reflected in the organization systems. This theory suggests that the world is so full of paradox and some unpredictable changes that management must always be prepared to deal with them in a manner that the effect will be positive to the firm. Technology has brought with it many of such changes that management must restructure its systems to match the changes. Social media is one such change. Failure to act to its presence would translate to the loss of the opportunities that comes with it (Treadaway, 2010). The consequence that this failure to act may bring is so great that a company like Coca Cola may not afford. According to this theory, if such a situation is not arrested in time, it will lead to a complete breakdown of the system and that may be the end of that particular firm.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Management in Coca Cola Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is upon this backdrop that Coca Cola was forced to act on its management for it was clear that it was unable to arrest the situation and save the company from the looming danger. The company therefore had to restructure this staff. It recalled some staff members back to its headquarters in Midtown Atlanta, Georgia. In their places, young, innovative and creative individuals who were techno-servy took their places. In other regions, the young individuals were incorporated into the management systems alongside the older generation. The aim was very clear; change the perspective with which the company viewed technology. They had to restructure the company to reflect the new demands of the social media. They did this in line with Henri Fayol’s administrative theory. This theory put focus squarely on the management. He argued that management’s role revolved around planning, coordinating, co ntrolling, commanding and organizing. According to Fayol, organizations must follow the five principles in the normal running of it activities. For this reason therefore, the management must be in a position to forecast in order to plan for what is to be done. The planning stage is the most important of all the stages. The other stages will only be successful if the management was able to focus and come up with appropriate plan to counter some of the changes that come in the external environment. The older generation failed to forecast the potential of the social media and for this reason, failed to plan for it. The top management therefore brought in young individuals who were able to understand the social media as they were part of it. This lot was able to successfully understand the social media and planning was therefore much easier. With proper planning, implementing other aspects of management becomes much easier. This group has done a wonderful job on this front. The company entered Facebook in 2008. It created its wall and invited as many friends as possible. From this wall, the company can share with their customers information that is relevant to its operation. Customers are able to comment directly to the firm on their feeling about the brands offering in the market. They are able to inform the management of their expectations, and some of the changes they feel should be done on the products. On the other hand, the company can now reach its clients at a considerably faster rate through Facebook. It can now afford to introduce some of its new products through it and be sure that the message will be received by the target market.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More So interactive is this social media that it allows for a direct communication between the firm and the users. Unlike the mass media, which is a one way fixed mode of message delivering, this media allows the customer to respond to the company’s message, whether to appreciate or to criticize the company’s offering. With this, the company is able to know exactly what a customer in Russian market expects, and how this expectation is different from that of a customer in a sub Saharan market in Africa because the two regions have opposing temperature rates. This has been so successful that the firm was rated the best brand on Facebook, beating other giant brands like Disney. The brand is estimated to reach out to about 30 million customers across the world by using Facebook alone (Treadaway 2010). This network has seen it identify so well with the youth that this group feels part of the brand. The management has successfully introduced itself to this community as a member. With this, its product is seen by this community as their (community’s) product that should be promoted through a continued purchase. This has seen the firm cut on the cost conducting research. The company’s researchers can sit on their computers at company’s headquarters and gather the information they need from the customers on Facebook. They can pose questions to them in structured manner on their Facebook wall. The respondent will post their response on this wall where the researcher can easily access them. This increases the ability of the firm to make a thorough screening of the data and respond to the views posted. In his motion study theory, Gilbreth suggests that a firm is able to increase its efficiency by reducing the rate of motion of its staff. The company applied this theory with the help of Facebook. Its research team did not require moving in the 209 countries across the world where the firm operates. It only needs this staff seated behind a Face book enabled computer to gather and analyze data from various regions in the world. Having experienced success with the Facebook, this group of managers went further to incorporate You Tube into their system. Unlike Facebook, You Tube enabled the firm to use graphics. The company prepared commercials akin to the television commercials and delivered them to customers through You Tube. Its most recent commercial dubbed ‘open happiness’ on You Tube has received a lot of praise from many quarters. The company went a great length to prepare the advert and its features and mode of presentation is a clear indication that the new management clearly understands the requirements of the new social order brought about by changes in technology. The brand has its presence on Tweeter, Flirk and other social Medias. This strategy has seen the firm double its sales. The new management is so sensitive about Total Quality Management that it leaves nothing to chance. They believe in the fa ct that quality starts in the mind. First, the production system must appreciate and maintain quality in all their operations. The final product will automatically bear this and the next move will be to instill this quality in the minds of the consumers (Andrzej, 2007). To achieve TQM in its operations, the firm’s management has realized that every department in the company counts. All the department are related in a way that the firm is turned into a system with a number of co-related wheels. The new management has given a new face to the way the firm view the social media. It is no longer stereotyped as before. The management sees it as an opportunity to expand its borders and reach out to those markets it had not. The system approach theory postulates that a system is a collection of parts unified to accomplish an overall goal. The theory goes ahead to state that if one part of the system is removed, the nature of the system is changed as well. This is the case in Coca Col a. When it restructured its management and incorporated a group of young individuals who were flexible to the changes brought about by technology, it gave a redefinition to the company’s overall method of operation. The brand Coca Cola was recently ranked one of the best brands, valued at 68.3 billion U.S. dollars. Its closest competitor, Pepsi Cola is no longer as serious a threat as it was in early nineties. Literature Review A number of scholars have done research and reported the increasing inability of some companies to adapt to the changes brought about by the dynamics in technology. Garvin (1988) argued that quality should be given an outward in approach. When implementing environmental changes, a firm should first determine the requirements of the environment before it considers making outputs. He says that market is always characterized by unpredictability. The suddenness with which these changes come, calls for the management to be very flexible. If this flexibility lacks in the management, then the firm can easily be edged out of the market. Such was the challenge Coca Cola Company faced. It had to navigate through the new and very sensitive ‘waters’ brought by technology. The world was turned into a single market place. This market is so small that a shopper can easily access it from the comfort of his house. The social media is a change that must be managed if a firm is to realize the benefits that come with it. Zimmerman and Schueler (1996) suggest that customers always rate their levels of satisfaction. When his or her expectations are met and exceeded, such a customer will be thrilled. They will be good ambassadors to the firm. However, for this to be possible, the firm must understand the changes that the market experiences. They propose that customer survey should be conducted among customers in order to know what such customers value. It is only through this that a firm may proclaim to be implementing Total Quality Manage ment standards in its operations (Del et al., 2005) The older generation at Coca Cola failed to understand that the most important market segment had moved to the social media and that they valued this form of communication. Looking down upon the social media would be like failing to realize what they valued. This limits the ability of the firm to succeed in the market. Wayne and Hoyer (2008) appreciate the benefits that the social media has brought to the contemporary world of business. They say that since its inception on fourth of February 2004, Facebook has completely changed the communication sector. With cell phones becoming a necessity among individuals, business units keen on reaching the market cannot neglect this form of communication. The two says that many organizations at first did not think that such social networks had potential to redefine communication in a completely new form. For this reason, they did not incorporate it into their strategic plans. However, such fi rms soon realized that this form of communication brought with it limitless opportunities that could not be ignored. Coca Cola realized this and had to take appropriate and timely actions that could see it tap from this new technology. Kimmel (2007) asserts that fashion changes at an unpredictable rates. According to him, management in any field that is related to fashions and lifestyle must always be ready to manage such changes. It should be on high alert to detect any slight change in the market. This may require it to have in place; structures that will enable it detect such changes so that its actions will be timely. He supports Wayne and Hoyer on the fact that social media has brought with it opportunities that firms should consider tapping from. He articulates that social media is at the heart of lifestyle. With inception of such social networks like You Tube, marketing must be restructured in a way that it responds to this technology. This company realized this and acted app ropriately and this has enabled it remain relevant in the market. Considerations Coca Cola Company considered a number of facts before deciding on how to restructure its operations. The main issue was that the then management could not implement technological demands at the rate that was desirable. The top management was specifically worried of the fact that this group of managers had failed to tap from the opportunity that Facebook and other similar social networks brought with it. This was making this opportunity turn into a threat as other competitors were readjusting their marketing systems to reflect on this. It therefore considered replacing most of its top managements with individuals who were able to act appropriately to the demands of technology. The firm appreciated the importance of experience. Because of this, it retained some top management officials abroad. This was done to ensure that the transition was implemented in a smooth manner, taking into account some of the d esirable traditions of the company. The actions of the company were timely and the result was good. However, the company should have taken into consideration the fact that their brand is consumed across the ages. Most of the commercial that this firm currently produces are directed to the youth. Inasmuch as they are wonderfully put, with captions that would attract everyone’s attention, they are not all inclusive. The aging group cannot identify with these commercials. This market segment makes a substantial percentage of the brand’s total sales. Moreover, this is the segment with money, and therefore are the decision makers on what to purchase. Giving them a blackout in the commercials could have negative impacts to the firm’s total sales. Another segment of the market left out by most of these commercial are the minors. They may not be able to identify with most of the commercials. For instance, the wonderfully structured commercial dubbed ‘open happines s’ pays no attention to the fact that a child may also need to be happy. Carson (2008) says that children below the age of 14 are the major initiators of a family’s purchase. For this reason, these commercials should be designed to capture their attention as well. Conclusion Management has experienced structural changes over the years, from a time when it was viewed as a simple role of directing other factors of production, to the current view of managing systems. These systems are both internally based within the firm, or are found in the external environment. Ability to manage the internal factors is currently not enough for a firm to succeed in the market. Consumers are getting increasingly knowledgeable, and with this knowledge come increased demands. This has seen many management units apply Total Quality Management as a way through which it can manage customers’ demands. There has been an increasing need for this management to incorporate the changes that come with technology. This has seen Coca Cola Company restructure its management in line with the technological demands. This company has successfully entered the social media with the help of its new management unit. Currently, it is ranked one of the highest users of it. The result of this entry is positive. The company can now reach the targeted population much easily. The management is very flexible to technological changes and this has seen it maintain its market lead over competitors like Pepsi Cola. Recommendations Coca Cola Company was able to navigate through the turbulent waters that were brought about by technological changes. Faced with a similar situation, the firm should consider the following options. A firm should always consider having a staff that is well blended in aspects such as age, experience, knowledge and even culture. Despite the importance of experience, management should not sacrifice the other factors in its favor. With the current changes in technology, it is advisable that firms maintain a management staff that is able to respond it (technology). In so doing, it will be in a position to act on the market demands that keep changing. A firm should avoid assumption of new inventions, however weird they may seem to be. The management should have a unit to keenly monitor such technological changes and advice the top management as appropriately as possible. If it is worth involvement, this unit should be in a position to advice the management on how best it should approach it. The action that Coca Cola took was good enough and the researcher would recommend most of it if a firm were faced with a similar situation. Their beautiful summer commercials on You Tube, the conspicuous presence on Facebook and Tweeter are all wonderful. However, one aspect that the researcher feels should be changed is the overemphasis on youths. Inasmuch as they form the most attractive market segment, other segments should not be disregarded. They should ther efore consider producing television commercials, which are all inclusive. References Andrzej, A Buchaman, A. (2007). Organizational behavior. London: Prentice Hall International. Carson, A. (2008). Organizational theory: A libertarian perspective. Washington, DC: BookSurge. Del, I., Best, J. Coney, K. (2005). Consumer behavior. New York, NY: Tata McGraw Hill. Garvin, D. (1988). Managing quality. New York, NY: Free Press. Kimmel, R. (2007). Evian’s caswell brand week: Fill with care’ promotes lifestyle. Well Being, 48(30), 48. Treadaway, C. (2010). Facebook marketing: An hour a day. Indianapolis, Indiana: Wiley Publishers Inc. Wayne, D. Hoyer, M. (2008). Consumer behavior. South Western: Cangage Learning. Zimmerman, R. Schueler. (1996). Designing customer surveys that work. Retrieved from https://www.qualitydigest.com/oct96/surveys.html This research paper on Management in Coca Cola Company was written and submitted by user Tamia K. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

I Need a Grant

I Need a Grant I forget that new writers enter the profession daily, and Im most reminded when a slew of them write me after seeing FundsforWriters.com for the first time. The first thing they see is GRANTS, and that throws their fledgling minds into overdrive, wondering how they can find some generous grant provider to offer money to a new writer. Its like rumors that some government agency will pay off your mortgage or write off your debt. In writing, nobody offers you a free lunch. You pay for that lunch. You can hope for a coupon here and there, or a free sandwich if you buy a coke, but nobody is going to offer lunch for free. Lets look at grants. Why do grants exist? Nobody cares about that, but grants have missions, too. Grants have specific purposes, and providing money to people who dont have it isnt the leading purpose. Its more about what someone wants to do with that money that matters. 1) They are created to fill an identified need. 2) They are created to make a difference with humanity. 3) They must demonstrate to the world that the money they spend has done great things. 4) They answer to high authorities about how effective and efficient theyve been with the money they doled out. 5) Their money depends upon politics, donations, and the economy. In other words, there arent pots of money waiting for people to apply for a share. The applicants for any grant must qualify using the following mindsets: 1) As if they were applying for a job, 2) As if they were promoting a product, and 3) As if they were seeking a loan at the bank. As noble as grants sound, grants are a sort of business venture for the grant provider. If they dont do well with the money they provide . . . if the projects that obtain grants do not demonstrate a positive end . . . then the grant provider has failed. The results? Less grant money to use in the future or even the dissolution of the entire grant entity. Lets visit a scenario of a new writer seeking a grant: A new writer may be from Montana and want to write about a boy who immigrates to New York and experiences a coming-of-age story. The writer asks for a grant to live in New York for several months to do research and think about how he will write the story. Nobody will fund this grant. Why? 1) There is no need to fund unpublished writers. There is a glut of writers out there as it is. 2) The writer is not experienced and cannot assure the grant provider they can write. 3) The writer cannot assure the grant provider they can publish. 4) The writer cannot assure the grant provider they have a market for the work. 5) The grant provider has to have a mission that somehow fits the story, the writer, or the writers need. Sowhen you think of a grant, think of it as a loan. They give you money based upon your qualifications, you have to follow their rules, and you pay it back with your projects success. Grants have needs, too, and they are careful with how they write their checks.

Free Essays on Aristotle

, substances are distinct and are composed of different common qualities. However, form is what determines the substance’s essence. Derived from these terms, Aristotle also introduced his theory of cause and effect, which if relevant to his theory of potentiality and actuality. He taught that an organism changes form until it reaches a state of actuality. The form is known from the beginning and this beginning state has potentiality. In addition, form strives to become it’s own reality or actualize it’s potentiality and the only way this can be done is by motion through the forms. The cause for things can only be described when actuality is reached. The ideas of actuality and potentiality bring to the light the notion of the Unmoved Mover, or God. This was a supreme form, which possessed actuality and hence, was without motion. Furthermore, the Unmoved Mover is immaterial because matter is in a state of potentiality and the Unmoved Mover only contains actuality. The Unmoved Mover is important to Aristotle’s theories because it is a logical explanation for the cause of the universe; it is the universal form.... Free Essays on Aristotle Free Essays on Aristotle Aristotle places great emphasis on the moral virtue of temperance in relation to the nature of states of character. In his examination to achieve true temperance Aristotle asserts, â€Å"The general account being of this nature, the account of particular cases is yet more lacking in exactness; for they don not follow under any art or precept, but the agents themselves must in each case consider what is appropriate to the occasion† (-1104a9). He believes that we achieve our own good will, but attaining the good isn’t an exact science, it isn’t precise like math or physics. However, he still attempts to arrive to a definition of true temperance. In defining true temperance Aristotle speaks about human function. He says the enjoyment of pleasure is reasonable and the abstention of pleasure as unreasonable. He says true virtue lies between Self-indulgence and abstention. Therefore, temperance represents the mean lying between excess and abstention. He doesn’t concern himself with a uniform rule, but with something all humans have in common allowing us to act accordingly. In book two of the ethics Aristotle concerns himself with three objects of choice: the noble, the useful, and the pleasant, as well as three objects of avoidance: the base, the harmful, and the painful. These objects motivate one to act or avoid any action. Most people avoid the painful and choose the pleasure, which Aristotle believes is in accordance with virtue. However, continuing to choose pleasure over pain leads to self-indulgence. Therefore, how must one attain the mean? Aristotle declares, â€Å"[to achieve virtue and temperance] that the intermediate state in all things is to be praised, but that we must incline sometimes toward the excess, sometimes toward the deficiency; for so shall we most easily hit the mean and what is right† (1109b28). I agree with Aristotle’s statement affirming that in order to reach the mean, humans must at times pu... Free Essays on Aristotle Aristotle’s ideas were derived from Plato’s view of the world and it’s relation to absolute Forms. In contrast to Plato’s beliefs, Aristotle felt that the basis of true reality can be determined by what exists in the physical world, not by an incomprehensive world of Ideas. To explain his theory, Aristotle constructed different categories to explain existence. He taught that each object in the physical world consists of a substance, which is it’s main reality and without substance an object can not exist. Furthermore, quality is solely an ingredient of each individual substance. In other words, substances are distinct and are composed of different common qualities. However, form is what determines the substance’s essence. Derived from these terms, Aristotle also introduced his theory of cause and effect, which if relevant to his theory of potentiality and actuality. He taught that an organism changes form until it reaches a state of actuality. The form is known from the beginning and this beginning state has potentiality. In addition, form strives to become it’s own reality or actualize it’s potentiality and the only way this can be done is by motion through the forms. The cause for things can only be described when actuality is reached. The ideas of actuality and potentiality bring to the light the notion of the Unmoved Mover, or God. This was a supreme form, which possessed actuality and hence, was without motion. Furthermore, the Unmoved Mover is immaterial because matter is in a state of potentiality and the Unmoved Mover only contains actuality. The Unmoved Mover is important to Aristotle’s theories because it is a logical explanation for the cause of the universe; it is the universal form.... Free Essays on Aristotle How does Aristotle’s list of virtues and vices differ from our modern conceptions of vice and virtue? Aristotle’s claim that virtue can be learned only through constant practice implies that there are no set rules we can learn and then obey. Instead, virtue consists of learning through experience what is the mean path, relative to ourselves, between the vices we may be liable to stumble into. For Aristotle, virtue is an all-or-nothing affair. We cannot pick and choose our virtues: we cannot decide that we will be courageous and temperate but choose not to be magnificent. Nor can we call people properly virtuous if they fail to exhibit all of the virtues. Though Aristotle lists a number of virtues, he sees them all as coming from the same source. A virtuous person is someone who is naturally disposed to exhibit all the virtues, and a naturally virtuous disposition exhibits all the virtues equally. Our word ethics descends from the Greek word ethos, which means more properly â€Å"character.† Aristotle’s concern in the Ethics, then, is what constitutes a good character. All the virtues spring from a unified character, so no good person can exhibit some virtues without exhibiting them all. One of the most famous aspects of the Ethics is Aristotle’s doctrine that virtue exists as a mean state between the vicious extremes of excess and deficiency. For example, the virtuous mean of courage stands between the vices of rashness and cowardice, which represent excess and deficiency respectively. So virtue is a purposive disposition, lying in a mean that is relative to us and determined by a rational principle, by that which a prudent man would use to determine it. This quotation from Book II, Chapter 6, gives us a clear expression of Aristotle’s Doctrine of the Mean: virtue is a mean disposition between the vicious extremes of excess and deficiency. In calling virtue a â€Å"purposive† disposition, Aristotle means that... Free Essays on Aristotle With the possible exception of Plato, Aristotle is the most influential philosopher in the history of logical thought. Logic into this century was basically Aristotelian logic. Aristotle dominated the study of the natural sciences until modern times. Aristotle, in some aspect, was the founder of biology; Charles Darwin considered him as the most important contributor to the subject. Aristotle’s Poetic, the first work of literary notice, had a string influence on the theory and practice of modern drama. Aristotle’s great influence is due to the fact that he seemed to offer a system, which although lacked in certain respects, was as a whole matchless in its extent. Aristotle was born in 384 BC in Stagira in northern Greece. His father, Nicomachus, was a physician with close connections to the Macedonian court. In 367, Aristotle went to Athens to join Plato’s Academy, first as a student then, a teacher. Plato had gathered around him a group of outstanding men who shared no common belief but who were united by the exact effort to organize human knowledge on a firm theoretical basis and expand it in all directions. This effort identified Aristotle’s own work. It was also part of the Academy’s program to train young men for a political career and to provide advice to rulers. After Plato’s death, Aristotle joined the court of Hermias of Atarneus in 347, and later went to the court of Philip II of Macedonian, where he became the tutor of Alexander the Great. In 335, Aristotle returned to Athens to found his own school, the Lyceum. The Lyceum under Aristotle pursued a wider range of subjects than the Academy ever had. The detail study of nature became very popular among the students. After the death of Alexander the Great in 323, anti-Macedonian feeling in Athens rose, and Aristotle retried to Chalcis, where he died the following year. The natural sciences are concerned with natural objects that are characterized by the... Free Essays on Aristotle Aristotle was a philosopher who lived from 384 B.C. to 322 B.C. He spent twenty years studying and working at Plato’s Academy. Plato was an influential philosopher and scholar that made a tremendous impact on Aristotle. Many of Plato’s ideologies were presented in Aristotle’s works. Aristotle demonstrated his political views in The Politics and The Nicomachean Ethics. Aristotle stated, â€Å"Every state is a community of some kind, and every community is established with a view to some good, but if all communities aim at some good, the state or political community, which is the highest of all, and which embraces all the rest, aims at good in a greater degree than any other.† Aristotle discussed the distinction between democracy and oligarchy, and which government he desired the most. He also explored the duties and obligations of citizens to their government and vice versa. Aristotle discussed the notions of â€Å"just† and â€Å"unjust† and how laws affected them. According to Aristotle, there were three true forms of government: monarchy, aristocracy, and constitutional republic. The perverted forms of these were tyranny, oligarchy, and democracy. The difference between the last two was not that democracy was a government of the many, and oligarchy of the few; instead, democracy was the state of the poor, and oligarchy of the rich. Aristotle preferred a monarchy, but believed that democracy was the best type of government. He favored democracy because it appeared to be safer and less susceptible to revolution. He also favored democracy because it secured the predominance of a large middle class, which was the chief basis of permanence in any state. Democracy brought society together by making people active in their government. A government was nothing without their citizens, and citizens were nothing without their government. Therefore, there were duties and obligations due to the state from it citizens, and there were ...

Amazon.com 2002 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Amazon.com 2002 - Assignment Example The ability to operate online gives Amazon access to global retail market, something that competitors find difficult to replicate with the enhancements provided by Amazon. Where many companies have adopted E-commerce model, the application of this concept embedded with rich experience offered by Amazon is difficult to achieve. A careful analysis would reveal that Amazon has been constantly expanding and transforming its business processes to ensure that the customer gets ultimate satisfaction. Development of zshop and marketplace segment is one such example that allows customers to have access not only to the products of Amazon but have a wide range of variety to make a selection from. Hiring third parties for logistics is also one of such examples which would ensure speedy delivery and ultimate customer satisfaction. Amazon has shown commitment to continuously improve and evolve its business processes which includes consistent efforts and investments in research and development. Des igning and customizing an interface which would portray a wide range of products with unlimited filters and separate logs with web-pages for different producers, merchandisers and sellers displays Amazon’s commitment to provide convenience to the customers. Later on, Amazon decided to invest on designing another interface which allowed all its product details and suppliers to be visible on the same page. Such transformation involved a great deal of research and development because of the varying nature of suppliers, their businesses and also their product lines. Amazon is known for exploring the opportunities offered by technological advancements. It began with a pure-play business model however with the expansion in business and need for better inventory management, it transformed into e-commerce model which had order taking, processing and remediation executed

The Role of Mother Tongues in Second Language Learning Essay

The Role of Mother Tongues in Second Language Learning - Essay Example The impact of first language on second language can bring problems especially in intercultural communication where the speakers use a lingua franca such as English or another language, hence causing misunderstandings and problems in communication. This research will look at how second language is acquired with a close look at the impact of the first language on second language learning. Literature Review/Discussion Second language is any language that a person learns in addition to his/her first language. The term can also be used to refer to learning a third, fourth and subsequent languages. Second language acquisition is therefore the process in which people or learners study that language. Errors made by second language learners have been proved to originate from the speech of their first language by majority of linguists. This occurs as a result of influence of the first language commonly known as language transfer. The errors are mostly lexical or phonological. The learners†™ mother tongue influences the way the second language vocabulary is learnt and recalled for use. Learners at their disposal compensate their lack of knowledge by constructing difficult lexical items that are characterized with errors emanating from their first language. ... What happens in the classroom, for example, is greatly attributed to the social needs of both teachers and learners. According to Chomsky, human beings are endowed with the capability to acquire any language in the world since learning a language involves learning its rules. The rules are systematic for every language though learners make mistakes in the process. These mistakes have been attributed to mother tongue interference. This paper will also look at how mother tongue can enhance or hamper a learner who is using the vocabulary of a second language. This usually happens when a learner acquires a new vocabulary, when he/she is attempting to remember the already leant vocabulary or in the process of constructing a complex lexical item that has not been learnt. Comparison between Languages Different languages construct meanings in different ways and the equivalents only exist depending on what is exactly meant. Though different speakers tend to divide themselves from others, the c onceptualization of some lexical items remains the same. For example, the term dressing is conceived the same by various speakers, a term that generally serves all clothing including shoes, jewellery, glasses among others. Differences in conceptual organization can be as a result of ways in which words are assigned to parts of speech. For instance, Japanese equivalents of English are mostly nouns and verbs. Lado (103) notes that elements that are similar in the fist and second languages will be simple for the learner to grasp. On the other hand, those that have no correspondence will be more difficult to learn. Cross Linguistic Influence and Ease or Difficulty of Learning There are a

Honor and Duty- Rudyard Kipling Essay Essay Example for Free

Honor and Duty- Rudyard Kipling Essay Essay Three of Kipling’s poems, Young British Soldier, Tommy and Gunga Din were all components to a volume of poems entitled the Barack-Room Ballads. They were written in a Cockney dialect to gain support for the British military during the World Wars from the larger population of lower class people. They were used to convince the public that if they did not financially support the war efforts, they would be dishonorable. The duty of the people was to show support for the fighting. It was the only way they could show their loyalty to the cause and their country, and contribute to it. Kipling’s poems, in a way, were propaganda and the intent of the messages to the people were received. It convinced many to be eager to do their honor and duty to help the war effort by donating money and young men to join the army. Cash flow increased and soon the British ranks were filled with fresh soldiers from all classes. In addition to the effects on the citizens, the poems were also used to increase the feeling of honor and duty among the soldiers serving in the military. They became classic military fighting slogans that inspired courage and persistence through some of their harsh conditions. In Tommy, it was spoken about the poor treatment received when they entered local pubs or walked along the streets. The soldier of Kipling’s time defended the British Empire but was also picked at because of his low birth in the class system. A large portion of the soldiers who entered the military were just commoners. Gunga Din focuses more around race. The main character is an Indian water boy who carried water for British soldiers. He is treated as a lowly servant, yet is also seen as courageous when he is needed by a soldier on the battle-field. The poem is written through a soldier’s eyes and describes Gunga Din’s abuse from the others due to his dark skin tone. Kipling’s The Young British Soldier depicts a fighting soldier’s experience in the Afghan Wars. Twelve thousand British soldiers were killed and it was named Auckland’s Folly because it had been such a disaster to Britain. It explains how the young british soldier is expected to fight with duty and honor and contrarily describes the horrific experiences that soldiers would go through on the battlefield. Kipling’s poems impacted the British public greatly; it helped pull in money for the vast expenses of war while at the same time drawing in needed recruits for their military. For the soldiers who faced brutal deaths on the battlefields, the poems were chanted with pride and they helped lessen the painful reality.

Tuberculosis :: Health, Diseases

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infection that can attack any part of the body, but it is normally found in the lungs (Huether, McCance, Brashers and Rote, 2008,). TB is an infection caused by a acid-fast bacillus also know as Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Huether et al. 2008) It is one of the leading causes of death in Asia, China, Indian, Indonesia and Pakistan (Huether et al. 2008). These countries show that in most cases the incidence rate is highest in young adults, and are usually the result from re-infection in recent infections. The spread of TB is attributed to the emigration of infected people from high-prevalent countries, substance abuse, poverty, transmission in crowd places, and the lack of proper medical care for the infected individuals (Huether et al. 2008). Tuberculosis is transmitted from person to person through airborne droplets, when a person that is infected with TB coughs, sneezes, talks, and/or sings letting tiny droplet to be released into the air(Bare, Smeltzer, Hinkle, and Cheever, 2008). TB cannot be spread through touching inanimate objects, food, or drinks (Bare et al. 2008). The person must be in the same area an affected individual is in and inspirate the droplets to be affected. Once the bacillus is inspired into the lungs, the bacilli start to multiply causing lung inflammation also known as nonspecific pneumontis (Huether et al. 2008). To cause an immune response the bacilli will travel through lymphatic system and become lodged in the lymph nodes (Huether et al. 2008). Lung inflammation causes the activation of the alveolar macrophages and neutrophils (Huether et al. 2008). Granulomas, new tissue masses of live and dead bacilli, are surrounded by macrophages, which form a protective wall. They then transform into a fi brous tissue mass, the central portion is called a ghon tubercle (Bare et al. 2008). The bacterial then necrotic, forming a cheesy mass, this mass may become calcified and form a collagenous scar (Bare et al. 2008). At this point, the bacteria becomes dormant and there is no further progression of the active disease. The disease can become active again by re-infection or activation of the dormant bacteria (Bare et al. 2008). TB can be classified as latent or active (Bare et al. 2008). TB that is a latent is bacilli that are isolated with a tubercle can remain, dormant, causing no symptoms. Active TB occurs when live bacilli escape into the bronchi or if the immune system is weaken by diseases such as HIV or Cancer (Bare et al.

Human Resource Management Essay

Acknowledgment First of all I am thankful to Almighty ALLAH, the Beneficent, the Merciful, for giving me so much strength and strength to work on this internship report and complete it successfully. I would like to express my gratefulness to all my teachers especially for giving me kind guidance and providing me a chance to work on this project right through from the start my courses. I am also thankful to all TEVTA Staff and training staff for his valuable suggestions, gentle supervision and encouragement throughout my internship. Along with all this I am very awful to the Human Resource Department of TEVTA and their cooperation during my stay in the organization. Especially I am thankful to those people of HRM Department who helped me in completing my Internship Report. VIRTUAL UNIVERISTY OF PAKISTAN vi TECHNICAL EDUCATIONAL & VOCATIONAL TRAINING AUTHORITY vii Executive Summery TEVTA was formed by an Ordinance No XXIV of 1999 promulgated by Governor of the Punjab. Government of Punjab passed an ordinance to provide for the constitution of the Technical Education and Vocational Training Authority (TEVTA) of the Punjab. The prime aim of TEVTA is to provide technically and skilled trained human resources to the Industry in the province, as per their demand. Another function of TEVTA is Develop and offer Need Based Short Courses in the sector of new technologies to the Industry and also to offer services for solutions regarding associated production problems and establish a Staff Development System to offer demand oriented teacher & instructor training and upgrading performance. TEVTA Regulate and develop standards of technical education and vocational training including internationally recognized curriculum, examination and  certification system and assess the Manpower Training Needs in the context of domestic and global markets. Technical Education and Vocational Training Authority (TEVTA) was set up by Government of the Punjab for promoting & enhancing technical education & vocational training in the province. TEVTA is operating about 25 Technical institutes/colleges, 114 commerce colleges, 303 vocational institutes and 17 Service Centres total 472 Institutions for this purpose & more than 11000 Staff is working under its umbrella. TEVTA also providing Training to their employees and students all over the Punjab in various technical courses. There are two sub-departments of Human Resource Management department. One is Training Department and second one is Career Planning department. This report briefly discussing the functions of HR department in TEVTA. This report also including the suggestions and points out the area in improvements can be. In this report I briefly discussed the business sector of TEVTA organization, history of the organization, nature of the organization, service lines of TEVTA organization. I have also presented the organization hierarchy chart with details of each department and introduction, I have also given the comments on organization structure that what is the impact of organization hierarchy on different factors and I VIRTUAL UNIVERISTY OF PAKISTAN vii TECHNICAL EDUCATIONAL & VOCATIONAL TRAINING AUTHORITY viii have also discussed the decision making impact, chain of command and span of control. I have also discussed the brief introduction of my department where I worked in and wrote the detailed description of operation and activities of the departments I worked in. Next I described HRM department hierarchy and its subdepartments. Next I explained the HR needs, sources of candidates, employment selection process, Training Need Assessment (TNA), Performance Appraisal, types of compensation and benefits, organization job changes, separations, layoff, labour management relations, terminations, resignation and retirement I have also discussed the promotion, transfer, demotion. After going through all these topics I have also included Critical Analysis and SWOT analysis of organization in the service sector. After that reader will find conclusion and recommendation for improvement of services. In this report I have explained all my observations and experience got in TEVTA during my internship tenure regarding HRD, recruitment and selectio n, performance appraisal. I go into the assignments with details given by the internship supervisors with detail of each assignment. I spent good time in learning and learnt to deal with different situations and had experience of organization environment. I would like to highlight that my experience with TEVTA organization was very memorable and full of learning’s. VIRTUAL UNIVERISTY OF PAKISTAN viii TECHNICAL EDUCATIONAL & VOCATIONAL TRAINING AUTHORITY  ix Table of Contents S. No Description Introduction Of Technical Education Sector 8-Brief introduction of the organization’s business sector 9-Overview of TEVTA a. History b. Nature of TEVTA c. Business volume d. Product lines e. Competitors 10-Organizational Structure a. Organizational Hierarchy chart b. Number of employees c. Main offices d. Introduction of all departments e. Comments on the organizational structure 11-Plan Of Your Internship Program a. Introduction of TEVTA Secretariat Lahore b. Starting & ending dates of internship c. Description of the departments 12-Training Program a. Descriptions of the operations/activities of the departments b. Descriptions of the tasks assigned 13-Structure Of The HR Department a. Department hierarchy b. Number of employees c. Descriptions of Sub Departments. 14-Functions of HR Department a. Human resource planning and forecasting ? HRP process ? Forecasting HR requirements ? Methods to forecast HR needs b. Employees Recruitment & Selection ? Sources of candidates ? Employment selection process c. Training & Development ? Training need assessment ? Employee development Page No 1 3 4 4 4 9 10 13 13 14 22 24 25 25 26 28 36 36 36. 39 39 39 41 41 42 46 VIRTUAL UNIVERISTY OF PAKISTAN ix TECHNICAL EDUCATIONAL & VOCATIONAL TRAINING AUTHORITY x d. Performance Management ? Setting performance standards & expectations ? How performance reports are written e. Employee Compensation & Benefits ? Type of compensation & benefits f. Organizational Career Management ? Employee job changes ? Job changes with the organization ? Promotion ? Transfer ? Demotion ? Separations ? Layoff ? Termination ? Resignation ? Retirement g. Labor Management Relations 15-Critical Analysis a. Success and failure b. Future prospects 16-SWOT Analysis a. Strengths b. Weaknesses c. Opportunities d. Threats 17-Conclusion Evaluation & Assessment 18-Recommendations For Improvement Solution of Discrepancies 19-Reference & Sources Used 20-Annexes 46 47 56 57 57 57 57 58 59 59 60 60 61 62 65 66 67 68 68 67 70 71 72 VIRTUAL UNIVERISTY OF PAKISTAN x TECHNICAL EDUCATIONAL & VOCATIONAL TRAINING AUTHORITY 1 8-Brief introduction of the organization’s business sector The nature of this organization is to develop a skilled workforce for the local industry. TEVTA develops the skilled and technically experienced workforce for local industries. TEVTA also provides business solutions to industrial units. TEVTA playing very important role for Re-engineering and consolidate the existing technical education and vocational training system under one management structure. TEVTA Established close relationships with various sectors of economy namely Agriculture, industry, Services and Commerce. TEVTA Regulate and develop standards of technical education and vocational training including internationally recognized curriculum, examination and certification system and assess the Manpower Training Needs in the context of domestic and global markets. Another function of TEVTA is Develop and offer Need Based Short Courses in the sector of new technologies to the Industry and also to offer services for solutions regarding associated production problems and establish a Staff Development System to offer demand oriented teacher & instructor training and upgrading performance. E D U C A T I O N & T R A I N I N G SE C T O R Labour Market Bachelor of Technology (B. Tech. ) Diploma of Associate Engineers (D. A. E. ) Technical Education M. Com. B. Com. D. Com & DBA Apprenticeship Training Certificate G-II & G-III Certificate. Vocational Diploma/ Certificate Commerce Education Vocational Training High School Middle School Primary School VIRTUAL UNIVERISTY OF PAKISTAN 1 TECHNICAL EDUCATIONAL & VOCATIONAL TRAINING AUTHORITY 2 TEVTA is engaged in imparting technical education and vocational training through its 472 institutions which fall under the below mentioned categories. ? ? ? ? ? ? Government Technical Training Centres Government Technical Training Institutes Government Vocational Training Institutes Government Commercial Training Institutes Government Polytechnic Institutes Government Colleges of Technology. TEVTA in service sector also providing technical solutions to the industry. It registers the organizations through website interface and provides the solution of their problems registered with TEVTA. Courses of different levels and of different duration are being offered in TEVTA institutions to address the public and employer’s demand. In addition to vocational / technical courses of up to 3 years. â€Å"Degree courses for B-Com, B-Tech (Pass) and B-Tech (Honour) are also offered in Government Colleges of Commerce and Government Colleges of Technology†. In education sector TEVTA provides the cheapest education and training to their students that low cost syllabus books and practical and in some cases TEVTA charge no fee from students, free training materials is provided by the institutions and students are supported with stipend. TEVTA in education sector providing technical, commerce and vocational training education and occupied the large part of technical education sector in Punjab. All institutes registered with TEVTA are funded by TEVTA. TEVTA approves PC-1 and issues the finance to the concerned institutes. TEVTA helps all registered institutes with procurement, purchasing machinery and construction of institute buildings. TEVTA is in direct relationship with industry sector, education sector, agriculture, commerce and service sector. TEVTA develops the curricula with the consultation of industry sector like leather, textile and agriculture. VIRTUAL UNIVERISTY OF PAKISTAN 2 TECHNICAL EDUCATIONAL & VOCATIONAL TRAINING AUTHORITY 3 9-Overview of the organization TEVTA is a Technical Education & Vocation Training Authority board who is responsible for the technical education & training throughout the Punjab. It is formed by an Ordinance No. XXIV of 1999 promulgated by the Governor of the Punjab to fulfil the needs, wants and workforce of local industry by utilizing the vast network of training institutions. a. History TEVTA in collaboration with Chambers of Commerce & Industry, Lahore has established its help-Desk within the premises of Chambers of Commerce & Industry, Lahore. To assist/help the local industry by utilizing its vast network of training institutions, qualified and experienced faculty, to achieve the objectives of the project. Before TEVTA many technical institutes were working independently or under PSIC (Punjab Small Industries & Export Corporation). PSIC was established by the government of Punjab to support, development and promotion of all small industrial units in Punjab. In 1999 PSIC handover many technical institutes to TEVTA authority. In 1999 TEVTA started work and start serving the all technical institutes in the Punjab and conduct first academic session in Punjab. In 1999 all technical institutes in Punjab started registration with TEVTA authority. The session was conducted of all technical institutes in 1999. The TEVTA board was fully functional at the end of year 1999 and all academic activities started under TEVTA board in 1999. Mission Statement To enhance global competitiveness in Punjab, through a quality and productive workforce by developing demand driven standardized, dynamic and integrated technical education and vocational training service. Service Volume TEVTA’s business volume is spread through out the Punjab serving 459 colleges. TEVTA has 17 Service Centres in all over the Punjab, providing services to all the institutes. And PBTE (Punjab Board of Technical Education) is also working under TEVTA. 45000 students enrol every year in TEVTA and PBTE. 3 VIRTUAL UNIVERISTY OF PAKISTAN TECHNICAL EDUCATIONAL & VOCATIONAL TRAINING AUTHORITY 4 b. Nature of TEVTA TEVTA is a vocational authority board who is responsible for vocation training all over the Punjab. For this purpose TEVTA board has established PBTE (Punjab Board of Technical Education). There are 472 vocational colleges who are working under TEVTA. TEVTA provides full funds and services to all registered institutes. And planning, organizing, leading and controlling all vocational institutes. The nature of this organization is to develop skilled workforce for the local and international industry. TEVTA also provides business solutions to industrial units. TEVTA playing very important role for Re-engineering and consolidate the existing technical education and vocational training system under one management structure. c. Service Lines TEVTA has a very long list of services providing. TEVTA offering many type of short and associate engineering courses in all o ver the Punjab. The list of TEVTA’s product line is given below. TEVTA providing Commerce Education, Training Education and vocation Education. d. Courses Offered Degree B. Tech Auto & Diesel Chemical Civil Mechanical Refrigeration & Air Conditioning Electrical Electronics Auto and Farm B. Tech (Hons) Auto & Diesel Electronics and Communication Chemical Civil Mechanical Refrigeration & Air Conditioning Electrical Auto & Diesel Electronics and Communication DAE Duration 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 years years years years years years years years years years years years years years years years years VIRTUAL UNIVERISTY OF PAKISTAN 4 TECHNICAL EDUCATIONAL & VOCATIONAL TRAINING AUTHORITY 5. Architecture Auto & Diesel Chemical Civil Mechanical Refrigeration & Air Conditioning Auto and Farm Automation Bio Medical Computer Information Technology Electrical Electronic Textile Weaving Technology Foundry & Pattern Making Instrumentation Printing & Graphic Arts Textile Spinning Welder Food Technology Telecom Petroleum Petrochemical Dress Designing & Making Diploma Diploma in Electronics Publishing Technology Higher National Diploma (Telecom) Higher National Diploma (Chemical) Higher National Diploma (Electronics) Higher National Diploma (Mechanical) Higher National Diploma (Textile). Diploma in Commerce Diploma in Information Technology Diploma in  Office Management Post Diploma Bio Medical Technology Environmental Control Technology Commerce Education Master Degree M. Com Graduation Degree B. Com Diploma (2 year) Diploma in Business Administration Diploma in Commerce Diploma in Information Technology 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 years years years years years years years years years years years years years years years years years years years years years years years 1 year 2 Years 2 Years 2 Years 2 Years 2 Years 2 Years 1 year 1 year 1 Year 1 Year 2 Years 2 Years 2Years 2 Years 1 Year 5 VIRTUAL UNIVERISTY OF PAKISTAN TECHNICAL EDUCATIONAL & VOCATIONAL TRAINING AUTHORITY 6. Diploma in Vocational Girls Certificate Certificate in Computer Applications Certificate in Computer Applications Spoken English Spoken English Vocational Education Vocational Diploma (1-2 years) Diploma in Commerce Diploma in Information Technology Dress Designing & Making Diploma in Vocational Girls Diploma in Vocational Girls Diploma G-II (2 years) Diploma in Commerce Diploma in Information Technology Dress Designing & Making Diploma in Vocational Girls Diploma in Vocational Girls Diploma G-III (1 year) Mechanical (G-III) Refrigeration & Air Conditioning (G-III). Auto and Farm (G-III) Electrical (G-III) Electronics (G-III) Auto & Farm Machinery (G-III) Auto Electrician (G-III) Auto Mechanic(G Carpenter (G-III) Commercial Arts / Graphics (G-III) Computer and Electronics (G-III) Computer Operator (G-III) Draftsman Civil (G-III) Draftsman Mechanical(G Electrician (G-III) Fitter General (G-III) Industrial Electronics (G-III) Machinist (G-III) Mechanist (G-III) Painter (G-III) Electronics Application (Radio & TV) (G-III) Tractor and Auto Mechanic (G-III) Welder (G-III) Computer Hardware (G-III) General Mechanic (G-III). 2 Years 3 Months 6 Months 3 Months 4 Months 2 Years 1 Year 2-Year 2 Years 2 Years 2 Years 1 Year 2-Year G-II 2 Years 2 Years 1 Year 1 Year 1 Year 1 Year 1 Year 1 Year 1 Year 1 Year 1 Year 1 Year 1 Year 1 Year 1 Year 1 Year 1 Year 1 Year 1 Year 1 Year 1 Year 1 Year 1 Year 1 Year 1 Year 1 Year 1 Year 6 VIRTUAL UNIVERISTY OF PAKISTAN TECHNICAL EDUCATIONAL & VOCATIONAL TRAINING AUTHORITY 7. Motor Winding (G-III) Tailoring (G-III) Wood Work (G-III) Auto Mechanic(Diesel (G-III) Auto Mechanic(Petrol) (G-III) Heating Ventilation Air Conditioning (HVACR) (G-III) Turner (G-III) Electrical Wiring Technician (G-III) Machine Shop (G-III) Bulldozer Operator (G-III) Textile Printing (G-III) Office Secretary (G-III) Mill Wright (G-III) Sports Goods Leather Work (G-III) Sports Goods Wood (G-III) Office Management Assistant (G-III) Dress Designing & Making (G-III) Machine Embroidery (G-III) Beautician (G-III) Hair and skin Care (G-III) Fashion Designing (G-III). Certificate Refrigeration & Air Conditioning Auto and Farm Auto & Farm Machinery Auto Electrician Carpenter Computer Operator Computer Operator Electrician Machinist Mechanist Welder Driving Motor Winding Plumber Plumber Plumber Tailoring Tailoring Wood Work Auto Cad Auto Cad Auto Mechanic(Diesel) Auto Mechanic(Petrol) 1 Year 1 Year 1 Year 1 Year 1 Year 1 Year 1 Year 1 Year 1 Year 1 Year 1 Year 1 Year 1 Year 1 Year 1 Year 1 Year 1 Year 1 Year 1 Year 1 Year 1 Year 6 6 6 6 6 3 6 6 6 6 6 3 6 3 12 6 3 6 6 3 6 6 6 7 VIRTUAL UNIVERISTY OF PAKISTAN TECHNICAL EDUCATIONAL & VOCATIONAL TRAINING AUTHORITY 8. Certificate in Computer Applications Certificate in Computer Applications Electronics Equipment Repair Home Appliances & Repair Heating Ventilation & Air Conditioning Mason/Bricks Layer Tractor Operator Turner Electrical Wiring Technician Machine Shop Bulldozer Operator Sheet Metal Civil Surveyor Mobile Repairing Mobile Repairing Certificate in Computer Graphics Wireman Paint Polish Electrical Appliances Machine Process for Wood Furniture Motor Cycle Mechanic Dress Designing & Making Dress Designing & Making Hand Embroidery Hand Embroidery Knitting Hand Machine Embroidery Machine Embroidery Beautician Beautician Certificate Vocational Girls (1 Year Certificate). Diploma in Vocational Girls (Additional) (Diploma 1 Year) Handicraft Industrial Stitching Machine Operator Leather Work Painting Painting Rural Poultry Spoken English Spoken English Stain Glass Painting Cooking & Baking Domestic Tailoring Drawing & Designing Electrical Mechanical (Vocational ) 3 6 3 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 3 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 3 6 3 6 3 3 6 3 12 12 12 6 3 3 3 6 6 3 4 3 3 3 3 6 8 VIRTUAL UNIVERISTY OF PAKISTAN TECHNICAL EDUCATIONAL & VOCATIONAL TRAINING AUTHORITY 9. Diploma in Vocational Teacher Training (Diploma 1 Year) Decoration Printing English Language e. Competitors There is not any considerable competitor in Punjab Province. 12 3 3 3 VIRTUAL UNIVERISTY OF PAKISTAN 9 TECHNICAL EDUCATIONAL & VOCATIONAL TRAINING AUTHORITY 10. 10-Organization Structure a. Organizational Hierarchy chart Organizational hierarchy is the formal framework by which job tasks are divided, grouped and coordinated. To achieve the main objective of the TEVTA structure is designed which is given asunder. Chairman TEVTA Secretary TEVTA Chairman PBTE COO Chairman TEVTA has the final authority in TEVTA to make amendments in TEVTA organization Structure. The Secretary TEVTA, COO (Chief Operating Officer) and the Chairman of PBTE (Punjab Board of Technical Education) is reported to Chairman TEVTA. Secretary TEVTA Manager P. Relations Manage HRM Manager Establishment Manager Inquiry Manager Legal All Managers of TEVTA, 1. Manager Public Relations (PR), 2. Manager Human Resource Management (HRM). 3. Manager Establishment, 4. Manager Inquiry and 5. Manager Legal matters are make reports to Secretary TEVTA. And all managers are also reported to their General Managers. COO TEVTA General Manager Finance General Manager SCs General Manager HRM General Manager Projects General Manager Operations General Manager Academic VIRTUAL UNIVERISTY OF PAKISTAN 10. TECHNICAL EDUCATIONAL & VOCATIONAL TRAINING AUTHORITY 11 Chairman PBTE Trade Testing Board (Development Cell) General Manager Finance Manager Audit Manager Finance Manager MIS General Manager Human Resources Manager Career Planning Manager Training General Manager Projects Manager Works General Manager Operations Manager Planning Manager Operations-I Manager Operations-II Manager Monitoring Manager Technical General Manager Academics Manager AA Manager AT Manager Curriculum Manager R&D VIRTUAL UNIVERISTY OF PAKISTAN 11 TECHNICAL EDUCATIONAL & VOCATIONAL TRAINING AUTHORITY 12 General Manager Service Centres Manager Service Centres Organization Hierarchy Chart Organization Structure Of TEVTA. Chairman TEVTA BOARD Director (R&D) (D) Secretary/C. O. O. (A) District Boards of Management Chairman (PBTE) Manager PR (I) Manager Legal (C) Manager HRM (A) Manager Enquiry (S) Manager Estt (B) GM Finance (A) Manager (MIS) (M) GM (Projects) (N) Manager (Admin) (Z) Advisor (P&P) (G) GM Operations (A) GM Service Center (L) GM HRM (K) GM Academics (A) Dy. GM Finance (L) Dy. GM Service Centers (O) Manager Development (N) Manager Accounts (M) Manager Finance (A) Manager Works (N) Manager Projects (N) Manager Service Centers (F) Manager Training (A/R) Manager C625. 2areer Planning (P/R) Manager Ops. I (E) Manager Ops. II(E) Manager Tech. 3(E) Manager M&E (E) ZN-N (A).1 ZM-C (A) ZM-S (A) Manager (AA) (M) Manager Apprenticeship (J) Manager Curriculum (A) Manager (A&C) (K) 07 DMs 07 DMs 07 DMs (A) (A) (A) Principals Principals Principals VIRTUAL UNIVERISTY OF PAKISTAN 12 TECHNICAL EDUCATIONAL & VOCATIONAL TRAINING AUTHORITY 13 b. Number of Employees Civil Employees. TEVTA Secretariat Institutes Zonal Office DM Office RDAT Development Cell Total 155 7830 24 71 58 31 8169 TEVTA Employees. 308 3285 20 162 12 2 3789 PSIC 2 663 0 0 0 0 665 Total 465 11778 44 233 70 33 12623 Vacant 145 3183 21 87 20 11 3467 c Main Offices Sr# 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. Offices Public Relation Office Gulberg Human Resource Management Office Gulberg Career Planning Office Gulberg Establishment Office Gulberg Operations Management Offices Gulberg Inquiry Office Gulberg Research and Development Office Gulberg Curriculum Office Gulberg Service Centers Office Gulberg Training Office Gulberg A&D Office Gulberg Academic Audit Office Gulberg Project Management Office Gulberg Administration Office Gulberg Examination and Certification Office Gulberg Govt. Institute of Leather Technology, Gujranwala. Cutlery & Small Tools Industry Service Centre, Wazirabad. Light Engineering Service Centre, Gujranwala. Institute of Ceramics, Gujrat. Wood Working Service Centre, Gujrat. Govt. Wool Spinning & Weaving Cum-Training Centre, Jhang Centre for Agricultural Machinery Industries, Govt. Weaving & Finishing Institute, Shahdara. Govt. Polytechnic Institute, Shahdara. Pak German Institute of Cooperative Agriculture, Multan Institute of Blue Pottery Development, Multan (Productive/Service Centre) 13 VIRTUAL UNIVERISTY OF PAKISTAN TECHNICAL EDUCATIONAL & VOCATIONAL TRAINING AUTHORITY 14 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. Wood Work Centre, Kot Addu (Productive/Service Centre) Wood Working Service Centre, Rawalpindi Metal Industry Development Centre, Sialkot Cantt. Govt. Weaving & Finishing Centre Shahdara Knitwear Hosiery Centre, Faisalabad d. Introduction of All Departments Human Resource Management Department. The main function of Human Resource Management department is to recruitment, conducting staff training, handling pension cases, handling promotion cases, enquiry matters, service matters, amendments in service rules and union matters. Main functions of HRM department. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Employee’s performance evaluation Evaluation performance and improve organizational performance Job Evaluation Job analysis Develop job Descriptions/positions according to the organization needs. Staffing. Issuance of vacancies of civil employees. Employee’s promotions and transfers. Recruitment and selection of people. Record Maintenance. Training Department Training department is a sub department of Human Resources department. Training department is responsible for conducting training programs. Training department assess the weak areas of the organization’s employees and conduct the training program for them. If there is any development in TEVTA curriculum and sallybus then training department conduct the training program for teacher for effectiveness in studies. Main functions of Training Department. ? Study gap analysis. 14 VIRTUAL UNIVERISTY OF PAKISTAN TECHNICAL EDUCATIONAL & VOCATIONAL TRAINING AUTHORITY 15 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Trraining need assessment.. All skill up-gradation trainings. Pedagogy Trainigs. Matters relating with curriculum % manuals. Create training or development specification. Plan training and evaluation. Prepare Annual Training Plan/ Calendar. Finalization of Nominations, Venue & Master Trainer Monitoring of Training activity. Proposal of nominations after short listing. Forward Nominations to P&D. Preparation of cost / budget estimates & release of funds. At the end of training program conducting Feedback from students. Data entry in MIS. Career Planing Department Career planning department is working under Human Resource Management department. Career planning department is a new personnel function. Career planning department of TEVTA is focusing on to motivate their employees towards their jobs with high efficiently and effectiveness. Career planning department of TEVTA has deep focus on individual employee potentials for promotion towards the organization needs and opportunities. Career planning department also help and cooperate with all internees came in TEVTA. Main functions of Career planning department. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Guidance of students, internees, and organization employees. Developing of job specifications and job descriptions. Maintaining of some sort of HR records of employees. Conduct of workshops/seminars for Placement Officers. Placement of Internees under NIP. Leave Account Termination of contract VIRTUAL UNIVERISTY OF PAKISTAN 15 TECHNICAL EDUCATIONAL & VOCATIONAL TRAINING AUTHORITY 16 ? ? Control absenteeism Short leave and late Attendance Fianancial Management Financial Management department handles the all money & tax matters of and manages the financial resources of TEVTA and also leads the Administration department of TEVTA. Financial Management department performs the extensive responsibilities. Main function of Financial Management department ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Policy forming. Financial dicipline Financial analysis Tax matters Bugdeting Auiditing Internal Audit Physical Stocktaking Preparation of financial statements Sanctioning of Purchase Cases Release of Salary Development of Annual Budget and all procedures till approval Handling Financial Assistance Cases GPF Advance, Marriage, Funeral Grants Pension of PSIC Employees Release of LFA Administration Department Administration department perform all managerial functions. It handles three further departments, Diary and Dispatch department, Transport department, store department and to carry out any kind of security arrangements. Functions of Administration department ? Recruitment of contract employees in TEVTA secretariat and institutes all over the Punjab. VIRTUAL UNIVERISTY OF PAKISTAN 16. TECHNICAL EDUCATIONAL & VOCATIONAL TRAINING AUTHORITY 17 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Maintenance of time in / time out register. Number of approval for local vehicles Record keeping of diary and dispatch, LFA, store section and transport section. Tenders open in the presence of purchase committee and the Bidders Examining demand & preparing advertisement Submitting advertisement to Public Relation section Request for interview schedule to Appointing authority Short listing of candidates Call letters are issued Preparation of Marks Sheets/Files Consolidated marks sheet for signatures Establishment Department Functions of Establishment department ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Examination & Give proposal Final shaping of the Case for getting Approval of the Competent Authority Preparing summary For S&GAD / Finance etc Issuance of NOC to the nominee Decision / Minutes are put up for approval of authority to convey for implementation Coordinate meeting Receiving Complaints Preparing the case for probe / inquiry Amendments in service rules of TEVTA Postings and transfers House building advances Matters relating to PBTE. Managing all kind of leaves such as, medical leave, earned leave, study leave, extra ordinary leave. ? ? ? Deputation of cases. Marriage grants and funeral grants. Finance assistance cases. VIRTUAL UNIVERISTY OF PAKISTAN 17 TECHNICAL EDUCATIONAL & VOCATIONAL TRAINING AUTHORITY 18 ? ? To deal with Chief Minister’s complaint cell. Governments Circulars and Notifications. Legal Department Legal department is responsible for preparation of cases and proposals on TEVTA activities to help TEVTA to avoid from legislations. Finalize the parawise comments and submit to the competent authority, get signed the parawise comments from the Authority, present the rough draft of parawise comments, file the parawise comments in the Court, attend the Court on each date of hearing & present/explain the case if necessary, put up the court order to the authority for implementation, attend the Court on each date of hearing and present/explain the in the Court and to provide legal opinions to TEVTA authorities. Enquiry Department Enquiry department is responsible of conducting enquiry of inefficiencies, misconduct, corruption, absence record of teacher and employees all over the Punjab, subversive activities and disciplinary actions. They investigate the activities/cases against the state in TEVTA institutions and all district managers and zonal managers. The competent authority of Enquiry department is secretary TEVTA. Enquiry department receive the cases of enquiry from grade 17 scale officers to 22 grade scale officers from all over the Punjab. Functions of inquiry department is to generate enquiry report, conducting enquiry of absence, corruption, misconduct, inefficiencies and activities against state matters, prepare the charge sheet / penal of enquiry officers / departmental representative. Research and Development Department Research and development department is responsible for overall development of TEVTA and its institutions, exercise market research, training need assessment and to coordinate with curriculum department for in development of curricula. Research and Development have to identify new trades and technologies in the market and TEVTA intuitions all over the Punjab. Functions of research and development department, approval of action plans industry visits, meetings with the stakeholders, review of draft TNA report, preparation of organization plans, coordinate with curriculum department and keep on eye on VIRTUAL UNIVERISTY OF PAKISTAN 18 TECHNICAL EDUCATIONAL & VOCATIONAL TRAINING AUTHORITY. 19  changes & development in sallybus, to plan, supervise and coordinate research and development activities in Punjab and to identify technologies trades at new intuitions Curriculum Department The responsibility of Curriculum development is to develop the curricula of TEVTA institutions. They develop the curricula of 3 year DAE classes, B. Tech classes, 1 year, 6 months and 3 months courses. But they have they authority of authentication the curricula of courses below the period of 3 years. 3 years a curriculum is approved by the NEVTEC the higher authority of TEVTA. Curriculum department evaluates revision and develop the curricula. Functions of Curriculum department ? Proposal for curricula development committee, curricula revision committee and curricula evaluation committee. ? ? ? Scrutiny of Proposal Approval of CDC/CRC/CEC Proposal for manual development committee.